Monday, July 20, 2009

Những cây cầu ở Nhật

Nhật đã và đang xây dựng hàng loạt cầu mới span dài hơn(longer span) bằng thép (newer steel); nhất là loại cầu dây văng (suspension bridge) bắc ngang qua những vịnh biển quan trọng. Dưới đây là danh sách (theo thứ tự Alphabetically) những cây cầu:(http://www.daido-it.ac.jp/~doboku/miki/inxjb3.html)Kansai Airport Access BridgeAccess Bridge to Kansai International Airport (Osaka, Continuous Dual-Function Truss, /3,750m, 1994)

Akashi Kaikyo Bridge (Pearl Bridge)Akashi Kaikyo Bridge (Kobe-Naruto, 3-Span 2 Hinged Stiffening-Truss Suspension, 1990m/3,910m, 1998)
http://www.japanican.com/japaninfo/Images/area/mesh/430503.jpgAmakusa-gokyo (Kumamoto Amakusa)
Maejima Bridge (Amakusa, PC Rahmen, 146m/510m, 1966)
Matsushima Bridge (Amakusa, Piped Arch, 126m/177.7m, 1966)
Nakano Bridge (Amakusa, PC Rahmen, 160m/361m, 1966)
Ohyano Bridge (Amakusa, Langer, 156m/249.1m, 1966)
Tenmon Bridge (Amakusa, Truss, 300m/502m, 1966)
Aratsu Bridge (Fukuoka, Cable Stayed,185m/345m, 1988)
Beppu Myouban Bridge (Oita Beppu, PC Arch, 235m/411m, 1989)
Chikugo-gawa Bridge (Kurume, Continuous Warren Truss,77.3m/389m, 1973)
Chusetsu Bridge ( Trussed Arch)
Eisai Bridge (Kanagawa, Cable Stayed, 144m/235m, 1977)
Fukiagehama Sunset Bridge (Kagoshima, PC Cable Stayed, 94.3m/405m, 1993)
Hakata-Ohshima Bridge (Onomichi-Imabari, Suspension, 560m/840m, 1988)
Higashi Oi Bridge (Kumamoto Amakusa, Suspension, 262.8m/380m, 1975)
Hirado Bridge (Nagasaki Hirado, Suspension, 465.5m/665m, 1977)
Hitsuishijima Bridge (Kojima-Sakaide, Cable Stayed, 420m/792m, 1988)
Higashi Kobe Bridge (Kobe, Cable Stayed, 485m/885m, 1992)
Ikituki Bridge (Nagasaki Hirado, Continuous Truss, 400m/960m, 1991)
Ikuchi Bridge (Onomichi-Imabari, Cable Stayed, 490m/790m, 1991)
In-noshima Bridge (Onomichi-Imabari, Suspension, 770m/1,270m, 1984)
Iwakurojima Bridge (Kojima-Sakaide, Cable Stayed, 420m/792m, 1988)
http://www.daido-it.ac.jp/~doboku/miki/jbridge/izumi-o.jpgIzumi-Ohtsu Bridge (Osaka, Arch, / , )
Kamome Bridge (Osaka, Cable Stayed, / , 1972)
Kanmon Bridge (Shimonoseki, Suspension, 712m/ , 1967)
Kanzaki-Gawa Bridge (Osaka, Nielsen-Lohse Arch, /150m, 1991)
Kashiragajima Bridge (Nagasaki, Nielsen-Lohse Arch, 150m/300m, 1981)
Katsushika Harp Bridge (Tokyo, Cable Stayed, 220m/455m, 1987)
Kawasaki Bridge (Osaka, Cable Stayed (for Pedestrians), 87.5m/129.15m, 1978)
Kishiwada Bridge (Osaka, Three-Span Continuous Through-Type Arch, 255m/445m, 1993)
Kita Bisan-Seto Bridge (Kojima-Sakaide, Suspension, 990m/1,611m, 1988)
Kurono-Seto Bridge (Kagoshima, Truss, 300m/502m, 1974)
Konohana Bridge (Osaka, Suspension, / , )
1st Kurushima Bridge (Onomichi-Imabari, Suspension, 600m/960m, 1999)
2nd Kurushima Bridge (Onomichi-Imabari, Suspension, 1020m/1,515m, 1999)
2nd Kurushima Bridge (Onomichi-Imabari, Suspension, 1030m/1,570m, 1999)
Meiko-Chuo Bridge (Nagoya, Cable Stayed, 590m/ , 1998)
Meiko-Higashi Bridge (Nagoya, Cable Stayed, / , 1998)
Meiko-Nishi Bridge (Nagoya, Cable Stayed, 405m/75m , 1984)
Minami Bisan-Seto Bridge (Kojima-Sakaide, Suspension, 1,100m/1,723m, 1988)
Minato Bridge (Osaka, Three-Span Gerber Truss, 510m/980m, 1973)
Naidaijin Bridge (Kumamoto, Arch, 153m/199.5m, 1963)
Nakajima-Gawa Bridge (Osaka, Nielsen-Lohse Arch, /160m, 1991)
Nanko Suiro Bridge (Osaka, Single-Rib Lohse, /162.85m, 1980)
Nishinomiya-Ko Bridge (Nishinomiya, Nielsen-Lohse Arch, /252m, 1993)
Ohnaruto Bridge (Awajishima-Naruto, 3-Span 2 Hinged Stiffening-Truss Suspension, 876m/1,629m, 1985)
Okuaso Bridge (Kumamoto Aso, Arch, 210m/360m, 1989)
Onomichi Bridge (Onomichi-Imabari, Cable Stayed, 215m/385m, 1968)
Ohmishima Bridge (Onomichi-Imabari, 2-Hinged Solid-Rib Arch, 297m, 1979)
Rainbow Bridge (Tokyo, Suspension, 570m/898m, 1994)
Rokko Bridge (Kobe, Cable Stayed, / , )
Rokko Island Bridge (Kobe, Double-Deck Lohse Arch, /217m, 1992)
Ryouzegaura Bridge (Nagasaki, Arch, 70m/112.2m, 1979)
Saikai Bridge (Nagasaki Sasebo, Arch, 216m/316.26m, 1955)
Sesoko Bridge (Okinawa, Nielsen-Lohse Arch, 139.5m/762m, 1984)
Shimotsui-Seto Bridge (Kojima-Sakaide, Suspension, 940m/1,447m, 1988)
Shin-Hamadera Bridge (Sakai, Nielsen-Lohse Arch, /254m, 1991)
Shin-Ikenoyama Bridge (Oiata, Truss, 150m/301m, 1967)
Shin-Moji Bridge (Kita-Kyusyu, Cable Stayed, 74.4m/77m, 1987)
Shin-Onomichi Bridge (Onomichi-Imabari, Cable Stayed, 215m/385m, )
Shin-tsue Bridge (Oita, Suspension, 209m/235m, 1969)
Shorenji-Gawa Bridge (Osaka, Three-Span Continuous Twin-Box Girder, 235m/532.9m, 1989)
Shinwatashi Bridge (Saga, PC cable Stayed, 93.75m/189.8m, 1994)
Suigou Bridge (Chiba, Cable Stayed, 178.85m/535.25, 1977)
Tatara Bridge (Onomichi-Imabari, Cable Stayed, 890m/1,480m, 1999)
Terashima Bridge (Nagasaki, Nielsen-Lohse Arch, 160m/268.6m, 1988)
Tajiri Sky Bridge (Cable Stayed)
Tempozan Bridge (Osaka, Cable Stayed, 350m/640m, 1988)
Toyosato Bridge (Osaka, Cable Stayed, 216m/ , 1970)
Tsurumi Tsubasa Bridge (Tokyo, Cable Stayed, 510m/1,020m, 1995)
Umemachi Bridge (Osaka, 5-Span Continuous Rigid Structure, 215m/390m, 1989)
Utagenka Bridge (Oiata, PC Cable Stayed, 170m/292.1m, 1993)
Utsumi Bridge ( , Nielsen-Lohse Arch, / , )
Wakamatsu Bridge (Nagasaki, Truss, 235m/522m, 1991)
Wakato Bridge (Kita-Kyusyu, Suspension, 367m/680.3m, 1962)
Yamato-Gawa Bridge (Osaka, Cable Stayed, 355m/653m, 1985)
Yobuko Bridge (Saga, PC Cable Stayed, 250m/727.8m, 1989)
Yokohama Bay Bridge (Yokohama, Cable Stayed, 460m/860m, 1989
* Vài hình ảnh & thông tin về việc xây dựng cầu dây văng (suspension brideg) AKASHI KAIKYO và cầu Higashi Kobe (xây xong năm 1992 và là cây cầu quan trọng trên xa lộ vịnh Osaka) ở thành phố Kobe, Hyogo, Japan.
  • Structural Type: Cable-stayed bridge H-pylon, harp arrangement, deck truss, Earthquake resistance; Structural design; Wind resistance, double-decked three-span cable-stayed structure 885 m long. Each deck carries three lanes of traffic.
  • The center span of 485 m makes the Higashi-Kobe Bridge one of the longest cable-stayed bridges in the world. Earthquake- and wind-resistance were carefully considered in the design of the main girder, its suspension and the tower frames.
  • Situated at the gateway to the port of Kobe, aesthetic considerations played an important role in the selection of the bridge configuration. http://211.195.163.22/english/world/image/cable/Higashi%20Kobe%20Bridge.jpg
  • Function / usage: Road bridge
  • Owner: Hanshin Expressway Public Corporation
  • Technical information
  • main span: 485 m
  • total length: 885 m
(http://en.structurae.de/structures/data/index.cfm?id=s0004436)

Từ trận động đất 1995 Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe), Japan đã cho thế gii nhiu bài học kinh nghiệm quý báu đu tiên v nh hưởng ca động đất đi vi h thng cu đường; nht là vi những cầu dây văng (suspension bridge), những cầu long-span thiết kế theo 1990s seismic standards như 3 cầu trên xa l Wangan (xa lBayshore) Kobe: cầu Higashi-Kobe(dài 885 m), cầu Rokko Island (dài 217 m), cầu Nishinomiya Port (dài 252 m).
Qua bài viết này, ai cũng thy người Nhật có nhiu bài học kinh nghiệm quý báu v vic xây dựng h thng cu đường nhưng vi cầu Cần Thơ - cu dây văng (suspension bridge) đu tiên mà người Nhật xây cho người Việt(Nhật vừa là ch đầu tư, vừa là người thiết kế - giám sát thi công - nhà thu chính) đã bất ngờ sập xuống ngay sáng 26/9/2007. Tôi tht s mun biết kết qu điều tra về chuyn sập nhịp dẫn cầu Cần Thơ để làm sáng t nguyên nhân và ai là người chịu trách nhiệm trước nhân dân về biến cố đau lòng này. Từ đó, cũng sẽ rút ra nhiu bài học kinh nghiệm quý báu cho người Việt ln người Nhật.(4-2008)








































































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